The minority population in southwest areas in China is one of poorest. Rice is a staple food for the residents in these areas and anemia resulting from iron deficiency in diet is a very serious problem. Development of crop varieties fortified with iron through breeding is considered as a sustainable strategy to solve the problem. There has been reported that wide variation of iron content in rice resources, thus laying a good base of genetic improvement for iron-dense rice variety. In this project, the population of Bama Yao Minority in Guangxi Province and improvement of iron content in rice grains are considered as two important objectives. We introduce an iron-dense rice variety from IRRI and multiply enough seeds for nutrition intervention. Two middle schools from the two towns with similarity in geographical location, economic level and living style in the target areas were selected for baseline investigation then for intervention by using high-dense iron rice. Change in nutrition conditions after intervention and biological effects of high-dense iron rice on human body will be evaluated based on the index of hemoglobin. Meanwhile, we will breed a new rice variety with high iron content, good comprehensive traits and adaptation to the target areas through directly screening the materials with high efficient utilization of soil iron and from the progenies derived iron dense donors and elite rice varieties, which were derived from International Rice Molecular Breeding Project, and further pyramiding different iron-dense lines for accumulation of iron. Meanwhile, effects of fertilizer management and milling techniques will be explored to improve iron content in rice. The objective of this study is to provide scientific evidences and an applied example for solving health problem resulting from malnutrition of iron for poor people by the way of biofortification.