Iron (Fe) deficiency is a major micronutrient malnutrition problem of human being. It not only has affected human health but also resulted in a great economic loss. Iron deficiency in human mainly results from the low concentration and bioavailability of the element in foods. Increasing Fe dense and bioavailability in edible parts of food crops through biofortification in soil-crop system has been considered as a new sustainable approach with low cost and high efficiency. In this study, the multiple discipline cooperative research team i.e. plant nutrition, quality breeding, and animal nutrition from Zhejiang University and human nutrition from Nutritional Sciences Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences has been formed and the Fe dense and bioavailability in rice grains as well as their regulation through soil-crop system approaches will be investigated through joint efforts. Based on our previous researches on Fe-dense germplasm screening, the major objectives of this proposed project include: 1) To establish rapid and accurate screening methods for Fe dense in rice grains and breed or create new germplasm suitable to Southern China region; 2) To develop a technique platform of using Caco-2 model to fast determine bioavailability of Fe in rice grains in China; 3) To determine the influencing factors of iron bioavailability in rice grains and elucidate the relationship of iron bioavailability in rice grains with which in soil; 4) To develop new forage Fe fertilizers and optimize agricultural management for high bioavailable Fe production of rice in Southern China; 5) To determine Fe absorption and utilization efficiency from Fe-dense rice by women with anemia and non-anemia under Chinese diet composition conditions using stable isotope technique.